"-hede" meaning in Middle English

See -hede in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /-hɛ̝ːd(ə)/ (note: from *-hǣd), /-hɔ̝ːd(ə)/ (note: from -hād), /-hɑːd(ə)/ [Early-Middle-English] (note: from -hād), /-haːd/ [Northern] (note: from -hād), /-hoːd/ [Late-Middle-English] (note: from -hād)
Etymology: From Old English *-hǣd/*-hǣdu, -hād, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, *-haidi, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Compare hod. If the reconstruction *-hǣd rather than *-hǣdu is adopted for the ancestor of forms with /ɛ̝ː/, the final vowel in their reflexes would have to be levelled from the Old English oblique cases. Since dative -hāde would probably form an insufficient basis for levelling, this vowel was presumably extended to forms descending from -hād. The 15th-century presence of /oː/ rather than expected /ɔ̝ː/ in such forms is perhaps due to low stress; compare a similar change in two and who due to the influence of preceding /w/. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|*-hǣd}} Old English *-hǣd, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-haidu}} Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*haiduz}} Proto-Germanic *haiduz Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix}} -hede Forms: -had [alternative], -hade [alternative], -hod [alternative], -hode [alternative], -hood [alternative], -hoode [alternative], -hoþ [alternative], -hot [alternative], -hote [alternative], -ood [alternative], -wood [alternative], -ed [alternative], -ede [alternative], -hed [alternative], -heed [alternative], -hiede [alternative], -hyede [alternative]
  1. Affixed to nouns and adjectives to form nouns denoting position, quality, state, condition or collectivity. Tags: morpheme Related terms: -nesse

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-hood"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-head"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "-heid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*-hǣd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *-hǣd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-haidu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-haidu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haiduz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English *-hǣd/*-hǣdu, -hād, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, *-haidi, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Compare hod.\nIf the reconstruction *-hǣd rather than *-hǣdu is adopted for the ancestor of forms with /ɛ̝ː/, the final vowel in their reflexes would have to be levelled from the Old English oblique cases. Since dative -hāde would probably form an insufficient basis for levelling, this vowel was presumably extended to forms descending from -hād. The 15th-century presence of /oː/ rather than expected /ɔ̝ː/ in such forms is perhaps due to low stress; compare a similar change in two and who due to the influence of preceding /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-had",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hade",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hod",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hode",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hoode",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hoþ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hot",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hote",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-wood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-heed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hiede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hyede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-hede",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to nouns and adjectives to form nouns denoting position, quality, state, condition or collectivity."
      ],
      "id": "en--hede-enm-suffix-L6SxWRfk",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#English"
        ],
        [
          "collectivity",
          "collectivity#English"
        ],
        [
          "MED Online",
          "w:Middle English Dictionary"
        ],
        [
          "University of Michigan",
          "w:University of Michigan"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-nesse"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from *-hǣd"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɔ̝ːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from -hād"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɑːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-haːd/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hoːd/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-hede"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-hood"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-head"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "-heid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*-hǣd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *-hǣd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-haidu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-haidu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haiduz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English *-hǣd/*-hǣdu, -hād, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, *-haidi, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Compare hod.\nIf the reconstruction *-hǣd rather than *-hǣdu is adopted for the ancestor of forms with /ɛ̝ː/, the final vowel in their reflexes would have to be levelled from the Old English oblique cases. Since dative -hāde would probably form an insufficient basis for levelling, this vowel was presumably extended to forms descending from -hād. The 15th-century presence of /oː/ rather than expected /ɔ̝ː/ in such forms is perhaps due to low stress; compare a similar change in two and who due to the influence of preceding /w/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-had",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hade",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hod",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hode",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hoode",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hoþ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hot",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hote",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-wood",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-heed",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hiede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-hyede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-hede",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-nesse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
        "Middle English suffixes",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to nouns and adjectives to form nouns denoting position, quality, state, condition or collectivity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#English"
        ],
        [
          "collectivity",
          "collectivity#English"
        ],
        [
          "MED Online",
          "w:Middle English Dictionary"
        ],
        [
          "University of Michigan",
          "w:University of Michigan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from *-hǣd"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɔ̝ːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from -hād"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hɑːd(ə)/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-haːd/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-hoːd/",
      "note": "from -hād",
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-hede"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.